Invented by Adobe Systems over 20 years ago, the Portable Document Format (PDF) is now an open standard for electronic document exchange maintained by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). When you convert documents, forms, graphics, and web pages to PDF, they look just like they would if printed.

PDF

Why writing a PDF parser is such a ‘challenging’…

In theory the PDF file format is specified in detail and is very precise. In practice, you meet alsorts of ‘interesting problems’ – the...
Mark Stephens
1 min read

How are PDF files protected?

Access to PDF files can be secured so that not just anyone can open them. This is achieved by encryption – the bytes in...
Mark Stephens
1 min read

What are PDF Image Masks?

The PDF Mask features offer a whole set of functionality to allow complicated image drawing to happen. Rather than just sticking an image on...
Mark Stephens
1 min read

How are text links defined in a PDF file?

When you are viewing a PDF file, you may well notice that (like a web page) there are blue clickable links. These are defined...
Mark Stephens
1 min read

What are PDF Xref tables?

What are PDF Xref tables? Xref tables are part of the original PDF file specification and one of the features which gives the PDF...
Mark Stephens
1 min read

PDF stack overflow and underflow

The PDF format makes extensive use of stacks. A stack is like a pile of books. If you add an item it goes on...
Mark Stephens
1 min read